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Devanagari Braille
Similar braille conventions are used for three languages of India and Nepal that in print are written in Devanagari script: Standard Hindi, Marathi, and Nepali. These are part of a family of related braille alphabets known as Bharati Braille. There are apparently some differences between the Nepali braille alphabet of India and that of Nepal.
==System==
Although basically alphabetic, Devanagari Braille retains one aspect of Indian abugidas, in that the default vowel ''a'' is not written unless it occurs at the beginning of a word or before a vowel. For example, braille (the consonant ''K'') renders print क ''ka'', and braille (''TH''), print थ ''tha''. To indicate that a consonant is not followed by a vowel (as when followed by another consonant, or at the end of a syllable), a ''halant'' (vowel-cancelling) prefix is used: (''∅–K'') is क् ''k'', and (''∅–TH'') is थ् ''th''. (When writing in Hindi, the ''halant'' is generally omitted at the end of a word, following the convention in print.) However, unlike in an abugida, there are no vowel diacritics in Devanagari Braille: Vowels are written with full letters following the consonant regardless of their order in print. For example, in print the vowel ''i'' is prefixed to a consonant in a reduced diacritic form, कि ''ki'', but in braille it follows in its full form: (''K–I''), equivalent to writing for ''ki'' in print. Thus क्लिक ''klika'' is written in braille as (''∅–K–L–I–K''). The one time when a non-initial ''a'' is written in braille is when it is followed by another vowel. In this environment the ''a'' must be written to indicate that it exists, as otherwise the subsequent vowel will be read as following the consonant immediately. Thus a true ''kai'' in print is rendered in braille as (''K–A–I'').
Apart from ''(unicode:kṣ)'' and ''(unicode:jñ)'', which each have their own braille letter, Devanagari Braille does not handle conjuncts. Print conjuncts are rendered instead with the ''halant'' in braille. Devanagari braille is thus equivalent to Grade-1 English braille, though there are plans to extend it to conjuncts.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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